Crisis management simulations in executive education courses are now being recalibrated to address geopolitical instability, digital threats, and supply chain disruptions. SMU Professor of Communication Management (Practice) Augustine Pang stressed that the realism of crisis simulation exercises is a key advantage, as executives gain hands-on experience and practical skills that traditional classroom teaching often cannot provide. Additionally, SMU Associate Professor of Communication Management (Practice) Yeo Su Lin noted that simulation exercises highlight the importance of building reputation capital, which is an asset that helps organisations better weather crises.