Marketing

URL Path for Pages

disciplines/marketing

Visiting Faculty

Ajay Kohli
Gary T. and Elizabeth R. Jones Chair, College of Management, Georgia Institute of Technology

What is Marketing?

Marketing is at the heart of every enterprise, whether big or small, for profit or not-for-profit, local or international, in the public or private sectors. Marketing begins by defining the target consumers of an organization, and understanding their needs. Marketing involves creating products and services that meet the needs of those consumers, and then communicating about and delivering these products and services. Consumers compare the value inherent in the offering and contrast it against the price (another marketing decision), and offerings of competing firms and make their choice. Great marketers are able to convert these sales into long-term sustainable relationships with their customers, by constantly innovating, researching consumer and environmental trends, following up with consumers post-purchase, and staying several steps ahead of the competition. The central philosophy of the marketing discipline is that consumers are the only reason that organizations exist. As an academic discipline, Marketing is the multi-disciplinary study of exchanges, and the players involved – buyers and sellers.

Why pursue a major in Marketing?

Marketing straddles many different disciplines (economics, psychology, statistics, sociology to name a few) and brings together theories and methods from all these areas to help organizations to understand, influence and predict consumer behaviour. Marketing activities touch every aspect of our lives and are vital to the very survival of organizations. From the marketing of fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs), durable goods, services (such as airlines, banks, telecommunication companies), people, places and ideas (such as celebrities, or Singapore, or the idea of giving ex-prisoners a second chance) to marketing research, advertising, and consulting, there is a wide range of applicability of these theories and methods. The marketing major prepares you for an entry level job in a wide variety of industries world-wide. Across these industries and careers, marketing jobs can potentially can make good use of almost every different kind of aptitude - quantitative, creative, people oriented, communication and research/analysis. Marketing fits well, academically, as well as career-wise, with a wide variety of other SMU majors (but perhaps especially finance, operations, strategy, corporate communications, information systems, economics and psychology).

The requirements of the Marketing Major

Completing a marketing major at SMU involves taking six courses.

Core course:

MKTG 101: Marketing - an introduction to the marketing discipline

Required courses:

MKTG 102: Consumer Behaviour - the study of how marketing activities affect consumer perception, attention, learning, memory, attitudes and decision making, at both a micro and macro level.
MKTG 103: Marketing Research – understanding how to conduct research on consumers, especially focused on survey research methods, from defining research problems, to designing questionnaires, sampling schemes, coding and analyzing data, and reporting

These courses must be taken at SMU (i.e. not on exchange) and can be completed anytime over your SMU tenure.

Elective courses (any four based on current requirements):

A variety of elective courses such as Strategic Brand Management, Advertising, Marketing Channels and New Retail , Pricing, Marketing Strategy, New Product Development, Services Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, Digital Marketing and Marketing Analytics are offered regularly. Any three of them need to be taken to complete the marketing elective. Most electives only require MKTG 101 as a pre-requisite, but please check course outlines for specific exclusions or requirements. Elective courses may also be taken on exchange, as long as the Office of Global Learning approves your chosen course as a marketing elective. The matrix below suggests electives appropriate for various marketing career choices.

(Note that this is a representative listing of electives; not all courses listed are currently offered)

	Industry
	Marketing (FMCG)	Marketing (Services)	Sales/Business Development	Marketing Research	Advertising	Retailing	Consultancy
Core courses
Marketing 101
Marketing Research
Consumer Behaviour

Electives
New Product Development
Services Marketing
Customer Relationship Management
Promotions Management
Sales Management
Strategic Brand Management
Global Marketing
Service Experience: Design/Management
Pricing
Advertising
Digital Marketing
Marketing Analytics
Marketing Strategy
B2B Marketing

Suggested Second Major	Psych	Operations	HR	Applied Stat	Corp Comm	Operations	Economics
		Psych	Psych	Economics	Psych		Law
							Pol Science

About SMARKETING

Is the path of marketing for you?

What marketing positions are out there?

How do I get the career I want?

These are the questions we answer at SMU Marketing Society ("SMARKETING"). Established in 2010, we have since established the society as the go-to platform for you to navigate the marketing industry. We seek to spark engaging conversations, create exciting opportunities, and empower future marketers.

The marketing function spans a long list of industries, and we seek to connect our members with its many different aspects – product and brand management, service design and management, selling and salesforce management, marketing research and analytics, advertising and public relations.

The marketing function is also ever-changing in the digital age, and we at SMARKETING stay on top of new industry buzzwords – like programmatic buy, ZMOT, CPC, etc. – and familiarize our members with them via workshops and case competitions.

Check us out on our Facebook https://m.facebook.com/smarketingsmu and LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/company/smusmarketing/ for what’s on.

Examples of SMARKETING Activities

1) Marketing Networking Night (MNN)
MNN is our signature, biannual event for SMU students to connect with marketing professionals from a wide range of industries on a massive scale. Past companies have included the likes of Google, MasterCard, Expedia, GroupM, Unilever, P&G, Scoot, Ogilvy, BBDO, and many more.

2) Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) Mentorship programme
In partnership with the APAC CMO Council, this initiative is a year-long program where students have the rare opportunity to be mentored by Chief Marketing Officer-level executives with an incredible wealth of experience. The objective of the mentorship is to provide the mentee guidance for his career path, pick up the necessary skills, and gain industry connections while still in school.

3) Industry Events
We provide our members with exclusive complimentary invitations to huge industry events, such the Institute of Advertising Singapore (IAS)’ APPIES 2015 awards and the Asia’s Customer Festival (ACF) 2015. These industry events attract senior marketers from all over Asia and usually cost up to $2000 to attend. In 2015, we were also honoured to be invited to speak at a millennial panel at the Asia’s Customer Festival.

Marketing Research Seminars 2024

Date	Seminar Title
6 June 2024	Yu Ding Assistant Professor of Marketing, Stanford University "Similarity Judgments Debias the Hidden Discrimination in Candidate Ratings for Hiring"
24 April 2024	Ayelet Israeli Marvin Bower Associate Professor of Business Administration, Harvard University "Using GPT for Market Research"
22 March 2024	Dan Schley Associate Professor of Marketing Management, Erasmus University "Measurement Invariance Across Conditions: A Case Study of Material and Experiential Happiness"
14 March 2024	He (Michael) Jia Associate Professor of Marketing, University of Hong Kong "Visual Influences of Quantity Display in Online Grocery Retailing"
16 February 2024	Yann Cornil Associate Professor of Marketing, University of British Columbia "Obesity, Responsiveness to Food Marketing, and Taste Perception Before and After Bariatric Surgery"
2 February 2024	Jayson S. Jia Associate Professor of Marketing, University of Hong Kong "Exposure Paradox and the Riskiness of Strong Ties"
25 January 2024	Jennifer Argo Carthy Professor of Marketing, University of Alberta "Disrespectful promotions: The Negative Impact of price promotions on products linked to stigmatized identities"
19 January 2024	David J. Hardisty Associate Professor of Marketing, University of British Columbia "Income Prediction Bias in the Gig Economy"

Marketing Research Seminars 2023

Date	Seminar Title
22 September 2023	Dilip Soman Canada Research Chair in Behavioural Science and Economics, University of Toronto "Do mandated financial disclosures help people make better choices?"
18 September 2023	Tracey Danaher Professor of Marketing, Monash University "Behind the Door: Privacy Threats, Vulnerability, and Infringement Guards in Retail Fitting Rooms"
15 September 2023	Peter Danaher Professor of Marketing, Monash University "Handling Selection Effects When Linking Online Review Reading to Subsequent Purchase"
28 April 2023	Peter C. Verhoef Professor of Marketing, University of Groningen "The Impact of Nutrition Claims on Purchase Behavior for Food Products"Shopping Distancing: The Impact of Travel Cost on Shopping Destination Choices"
29 March 2023	Nicole Kim Assistant Professor of Marketing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University "Culture for Sale: Unpacking Consumer Perceptions of Cultural Appropriation"
24 March 2023	Ron Berman Assistant Professor of Marketing, University of Pennsylvania "Influence or Advertise: The Role of Social Learning in Influencer Marketing"
17 March 2023	Spyros Zoumpoulis Assistant Professor of Decision Sciences, INSEAD "A Sample Size Calculation for Training and Certifying Targeting Policies"
9 March 2023	Rajdeep Grewal Tommie Goh Visiting Professor and Townsend Family Distinguished Professor of Marketing, University of North Carolina "Organizational Herding and Business Model Innovation Adoption"
24 February 2023	Shane Wang Professor of Marketing, Virginia Tech "Online Education and Face-to-Face Peer Benefits: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic"
27 January 2023	Kyuhong Han Assistant Professor of Marketing, Korea University "Casual Mediation Analysis Using Double Machine Learning"

Marketing Research Seminars 2022

Date	Seminar Title
20 May 2022	Albert Valenti Assistant Professor in Marketing, IESE Business School "Shopping Distancing: The Impact of Travel Cost on Shopping Destination Choices"(Webinar)
23 April 2022	Tesary Lin Assistant Professor of Marketing, Boston University "How Do Privacy Valuations Respond to Choice Architecture?---Implication for Privacy Policy Evaluation" (Webinar)
8 April 2022	Shrabastee Banerjee Assistant Professor of Marketing, Tilburg University "Platform Monetization and Unintended Consequences on its Ecosystem: Evidence from a Two-sided Market for Books Effects" (Webinar)
25 March 2022	Isabelle Engeler Assistant Professor of Marketing, IESE Business School "From Mix-and-Match to Head-to-Toe: How Brand Combinations Affect Observer Trust" (Webinar)
11 March 2022	Ann Schlosser Evert McCabe Endowed Fellow and Professor of Marketing, University of Washington "Overcorrecting for a Machine’s Mistakes: When AI Errors Increase AI Adoption"(Webinar)
4 February 2022	Xu Zhang Assistant Professor of Marketing, London Business School "Online Healthcare Platform Evolution: The Interplay of Bargaining and Network Effects"(Webinar)

Marketing Research Seminars 2021

Date	Seminar Title
21 May 2021	Manuel Hermosilla Assistant Professor of Marketing, Johns Hopkins Carey Business School "Does Consumer Demand “Pull” Scientifically Novel Drug Innovation?" (Webinar)
23 April 2021	Ralf van der Lans Professor of Marketing, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology “Country-of-Origin and Marketing Mix Effectiveness in a Product-Harm Crisis: Evidence from the 2008 Infant Milk Scandal in China” (Webinar)

Marketing Research Seminars 2020

Date	Seminar Title
12 November 2020	Pieter Schoonees Assistant Professor, Erasmus University “Some (Best) Practices in Predictive Modelling” (Webinar)
6 November 2020	Andrew Stephen L’Oréal Professor of Marketing & Associate Dean of Research, University of Oxford "Social Media Use and Psychological Well-Being" (Webinar)
7 August 2020	Brett Hollenbeck Assistant Professor of Marketing, University of California, Los Angeles "The Market for Fake Reviews” (Webinar)
24 July 2020	Sara Kim Associate Professor of Marketing, University of Hong Kong "The Role of Anthropomorphic Agents in Consumer Behavior" (Webinar)
13 February 2020	David Dubios Associate Professor of Marketing, INSEAD "When and Why Mere Exposure to Sharing Cues Increases Variety-Seeking"

Marketing Research Seminars 2019

Date	Seminar Title
19 November 2019	Pranav Jindal Assistant Professor of Marketing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill "Marketing Mix Response across Retail Formats - The Role of Shopping Trip Types"
22 April 2019	Jeffrey Inman Albert Wesley Frey Professor of Marketing and Associate Dean of Research and Faculty, University of Pittsburgh "What Drives Post-Level User Engagement? The Role of Sender-Reader Matching and the Moderating Effect of Online Social Ties"
5 April 2019	Christian Wheeler StrataCom Professor of Management and Professor of Marketing,Stanford University "Personalization in Email Marketing: The Role of Noninformative Advertising Content"
13 February 2019	Deborah Small Laura and John J. Pomerantz Professor of Marketing and Psychology at the Wharton School and the Psychology Department of the University of Pennsylvania "Ineffective Altruism"

Marketing Research Seminars 2018

Date	Seminar Title
13 November 2018	Rajdeep Grewal Tommie Goh Visiting Professor of Marketing, Singapore Management University Townsend Family Distinguished Professor of Marketing, UNC Kenan-Flagler "Image Portfolio and Demand in the Sharing Economy"
07 May 2018	Yann Cornil Assistant Professor of Marketing, University of British Columbia "Food as Fuel: Performance goals increase preferences for high-calorie foods and caloric intake"
2 March 2018	Bernd Skiera Chaired Professor of Electronic Commerce, Goethe University "A New Method to Decompose Changes in Customer Equity into its Drivers"
09 March 2018	Angela Y. Lee Mechthild Esser Nemmers Professor of Marketing, Northwestern University "The Creative Power of Color Harmony"
02 February 2018	Sunil Gupta Tommie Goh Visiting Professor of Marketing, Singapore Management University Edward W. Carter Professor of Business Administration and Chair of the General Management Program, Harvard Business School "Managing Churn to Maximize Profits"
15 January 2018	Yakov Bart Assistant Professor of Marketing, Northeastern University "Online Advertising Effectiveness across Media Channels and Countries"

Marketing Research Seminars 2017

Date	Seminar Title
28 April 2017	Neil A. Morgan Assistant Professor of Marketing, University of British Columbia "When and How Does Market Share Drive Profits?"
24 March 2017	André Bonfrer Professor of Quantitative Marketing, University of Queensland "Measuring the sales response to the Australian plain packaging regulation of cigarettes"

Marketing Research Seminars 2016

Date	Seminar Title
10 November 2016	David Dubois Assistant Professor of Marketing, INSEAD "When Do Consumers Aspire to Live vs.Look like Kings?How Power States Drive the Preference for Experiential vs.Material Luxury"
14 October 2016	CB Bhattacharya Pietro Ferrero Chair of Sustainability and Director, Center for Sustainable Business at ESMT European School of Management and Technology "Awakening the Green Self: Stakeholder Reactions to Sustainability"
07 October 2016	Raymond R.Burke E.W. Kelley Chaired Professor, Indiana University "Identifying the Drivers of Shopper Attention,Engagement, and Purchase"
10 June 2016	Vanessa Patrick Bauer Professor of Marketing, University of Houston, LVMH-SMU Luxury Brand Initiative Visiting Research Fellow, Singapore Management University "The Power of the Pen: Handwritten Fonts Invite Consumer Engagement"
19 February 2016	Marnik Dekimpe Research Professor of Marketing,Tilburg University ,Professor of Marketing,KU Leuven,Distinguished Visiting Professor of Marketing,Singapore Management University "Global Private-Label Convergence: Fact or Fiction?"
29 January 2016	Sunil Gupta Edward W. Carter Professor of Business Administration in Harvard Business School and Tommie Goh Visiting Professor in Entrepreneurship and Business in Singapore Management University "Do Display Ads Influence Search? Attribution and Dynamics in Online Advertising"

Marketing Research Seminars 2015

Date	Seminar Title
24 November 2015	V Kumar Regents Professor; Richard and Susan Lenny Distinguished Chair in Marketing, Georgia State University "Insights from Research in Social Media and Digital Marketing"
04 August 2015	Joydeep Srivastava Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing and Consumer Psychology, University of Maryland "When Does a Price Discount Backfire?Examining the Joint Effects of Price Discount and Shipping Charge on Consumer Evaluations"
02 April 2015	Russell S.Winer William Joyce Professor of Marketing, New York University "New Insights from Neurophysiological Methods and Market Response Modeling"
20 March 2015	Anirban Mukhopadhyay Associate Professor of Marketing,Hong Kong University of Science and Technology "Lay Theories of Obesity: How Leanwashing Influences Consumers’ Body Masses"
13 January 2015	Avi Goldfarb Professor of Marketing,University of Toronto "Slack Time and Innovation"
06 January 2015	Christine Moorman T. Austin Finch, Sr. Professor of Business Administration, Duke University "Going Public: How Stock Market Listing Changes Firm Innovation Behavior"

Marketing Research Seminars 2014

Date	Seminar Title
27 November 2014	Min Zhao Associate Professor of Marketing,University of Toronto "The Effect of Metaphor on Consumer Mindset and Decisions"
14 March 2014	Jagdish N. Sheth Charles H. Kellstadt Professor of Marketing, Goizueta Business School, Emory University "The Future Evolution of Relationship Marketing"

Marketing Research Seminars 2013

Date	Seminar Title
05 December 2013	Young-Hoon Park AMOREPACIFIC Professor of Management and Associate Professor of Marketing, Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University "Consumer Click Behavior at a Search Engine: The Role of Keyword Popularity"
10 June 2013	Nathan Novemsky Professor of Marketing, Yale School of Management, Yale University "Construal Level Theory in Gift Giving and Memory-Based Choice"
08 May 2013	Lillian L. Cheng and Kent B. Monroe Lillian L. Cheng is an independent researcher in marketing strategy. Kent B.Monroe is the J. M. Jones Distinguished Professor of Marketing Emeritus, University of Illinois, Distinguished Visiting Scholar, University of Richmond "Understanding the Roles of Price as a Stimulus, A Signal, and a Cue"
03 April 2013	Marnik G. Dekimpe Professor, Catholic University Leuven, Research Professor of Marketing & Center Fellow, Tilburg University "New realities in the private-label landscape"
01 February 2013	Robin Wensley Emeritus Professor of Policy and Marketing ,Warwick Business School, University of Warwick "Researching Marketing Management:Two(im)possibilities in one"

Marketing Research Seminars 2012

Date	Seminar Title
31 July 2012	Michel Tuan Pham Kravis Professor of Business,Graduate School of Business, Columbia University "Feeling the Future: The Emotional Oracle Effect"
18 July 2012	Rajdeep Grewal Irving & Irene Bard Professor of Marketing, Smeal College of Business, Pennsylvania State University "Modeling Service Quality, Price, and Performance at the Market Level: The Role of Potential and Realized Competition"
03 July 2012	Shen Qiaowe Assistant Professor of Marketing,The Wharton School,University of Pennsylvania "Dynamic Learning and Exit in Competitive Markets"
27 January 2012	Irwin (Irv) Gross Professor Emeritus,Smeal College of Business Administration, Pennsylvania State University "Customer Value in B-to-B Markets" - co-hosted by Centre of Marketing Excellence

Marketing Research Seminars 2011

Date	Seminar Title
26 August 2011	Raghunath Rao Assistant Professor, McCombs School of Business, University of Texas at Austin "Conspicuous Consumption and Dynamic Pricing"
22 June 2011	Luo Xueming Professor of Marketing,College of Business, Eunice & James L. West Distinguished Professor, The University of Texas at Arlington "Modeling Customer Metrics, Strategic Marketing, and Firm Value: Past and Future of the Marketing-Finance Interface"
15 June 2011	Narayan Janakiraman Assistant Professor, Eller College of Management, University of Arizona "Effect of effort and deadlines on consumer product returns"
31 May 2011	Amar Cheema Associate Professor, McIntire School of Commerce, University of Virginia "The Effect of Red and Blue Background Color on Willingness-to-pay: Aggression and the Moderating Role of Selling Mechanism"
29 April 2011	Marnik Dekimpe Professor, Catholic University Leuven, Research Professor of Marketing & CentER Fellow, Tilburg University "Rising from the Ashes: How Brands and Categories Can Overcome Product-Harm Crises"
11 March 2011	Namwoon Kim Professor of Marketing, Faculty of Business, Hong Kong Polytechnic University "A Two Dimensional Framework Integrating Incumbent Entry Motivations"
14 January 2011	Bernd Skiera Chaired Professor of electronic commerce , Goethe University "Customer-Based Firm Valuation: Linking Customer and Financial Metrics to Shareholder Value"

Marketing Research Seminars 2010

Date	Seminar Title
14 December 2010	Goutam Challagalla Brady Family Associate Professor of Marketing and Area Coordinator for Marketing,Ernest Scheller Jr. College of Business, Georgia Institute of Technology "The Threat from Within: Account Managers’ Concern about Opportunism by Their Own Team Members"
29 October 2010	AV MuthuKrishnan Professor, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology "Perceived Deliberation and Persistent Preferences for Previously Chosen Options "
29 July 2010	Marnik Dekimpe Professor, Catholic University Leuven, Research Professor of Marketing & CentER Fellow, Tilburg University "Sleeping With the Enemy:Does Private-Label Production by National-Brand Manufacturers Create Discounter Goodwill?"
10 June 2010	Jagdish N Sheth Charles H. Kellstadt Professor of Marketing , Goizueta Business School, Emory University "Impact of Emerging Markets on Marketing"
20 May 2010	Durairaj Maheswaran Paganelli Bull Professor of Marketing and International Business, Stern School of Business, New York University "Nation Equity and Globalization"
22 February 2010	Naufel Vilcassim Professor of Marketing, London Business School "When Talk is “Free”: An Analysis of Subscriber Behavior under Two- and Three-Part Tariffs"
29 January 2010	Sam Hui Assistant Professor, Stern School of Business, New York University "Analysis of Path Data in Marketing with Applications to Grocery Shopping"

PhD Programme

The marketing area offers a PhD in Business (Marketing) degree that is suitable for those interested in an academic career in marketing. The programme provides the training that is needed to conduct rigorous research in marketing, including an understanding of different methods (statistical, econometric, experimental) and an understanding of key concepts in marketing and related disciplines such as psychology and economics. Students are expected to have strong critical thinking skills and to develop original ideas that make a significant contribution to the marketing literature.

We seek candidates who have a keen mind, are highly motivated, and who have an interest in issues related to consumers and markets. For more information about the programme, please click here.

Thomas ALLARD
Associate Professor of Marketing
Ph.D. (Marketing), University of British Columbia
Thomas Allard is Associate Professor of Marketing at the Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University (SMU). He received a Ph.D. in Marketing from the University of British Columbia and an M.Sc. in Marketing from HEC Montreal. Before joining SMU, professor Allard taught at Nanyang Technological University. His research falls into two broad streams. One stream relates to behavioral pricing, exploring the psychological implications of pricing strategies and price framing effects on consumers’ decision-making. Another stream investigates the motives that arise from moral judgments and emotional experiences, and how these motives impact consumption choices. His research is frequently featured at international conferences and has been published in top-tier marketing journals such as the Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Marketing, and Journal of Consumer Research. Thomas’ work was also featured in popular press outlets such as Harvard Business Review and The Wall Street Journal.

Sabine BENOIT
Professor of Marketing (Practice)
Post-doctoral degree (Habilitation) at WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management
Sabine Benoit joined Singapore Management University (SMU) in 2024 as Professor of Marketing (Practice). Since 2019 she also has an affiliation at the Australian National University (ANU), Australia. Prior to joining SMU, she was a Professor of Marketing at Surrey Business School, University of Surrey (UoS), in the UK. Her research interests are related to service and retail marketing, in particular retail technology and the sharing economy. Her work has been published in leading international journals such as the Journal of Marketing, Journal of Retailing, Journal of Service Research or Journal of Operations Management. She received various awards, such as a Best Paper awards from the Journal of Service Research, Outstanding Reviewer Award from Journal of Service Management, Supervisor, Impact Researcher and Researcher of the Year at Surrey Business School. She is Associate Editor of the Journal of Service Research and is on the Editorial Board of several journals, including Psychology & Marketing or Journal of Business Research. Sabine is enthusiastic about research dissemination and regularly shares her research results on her YouTube channel and on LinkedIn. In 2022 she also gave a TEDx talk about the future of the sharing economy. Sabine mainly taught Marketing to (E)MBA and Master students and has co-developed and taught executive education programs in retailing and data science.

Sandeep R. CHANDUKALA
Associate Professor of Marketing
Ph.D. (Marketing), The Ohio State University
Sandeep Chandukala joined Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University in 2015 as Associate Professor of Marketing. Prior to joining SMU, Sandeep was Assistant Professor of Marketing and 3M Jr. Faculty Fellow at Indiana University’s Kelley School of Business. He has a Ph.D. in Marketing (with a minor in Statistics) from The Ohio State University, MS (MAS) and MBA from University of Texas at Dallas, MS (Computer Engineering) from University of Minnesota and B.E. from Osmania University. Sandeep’s research interests are related to developing quantitative models of consumer behavior using industrial data. In particular his modeling interests are in understanding and measuring the impact of promotions, advertising and new products and proposing new approaches for market segmentation using Bayesian and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. His research has appeared in Marketing Science, Journal of Marketing, Marketing Letters and Customer Needs and Solutions. Sandeep was awarded the 3M Junior Faculty Fellowship at the Kelley School of Business from 2010 to 2012. He also won the Kelley School of Business Innovative Teaching Award in 2010; was finalist for Trustees Teaching Award from 2011 to 2015 and was nominated for Sauvain Teaching Award in 2012, 2013 and 2014. At Kelley, he has taught data analysis, database marketing and analysis of marketing data courses to undergraduates.

Hannah H. CHANG
Associate Professor of Marketing & Lee Kong Chian Fellow
Ph.D. (Marketing), Graduate School of Business, Columbia University
Dr. Hannah H. Chang is Associate Professor of Marketing (with tenure) and Lee Kong Chian Fellow at Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University (SMU). She is also Fellow at the Institute on Asian Consumer Insight. Prior to joining SMU in October 2008, she received a M.Phil. and a Ph.D. in Marketing from the Graduate School of Business, Columbia University in New York City. Her research addresses two substantive questions in consumer behavior: (1) What is the role of feelings in consumer judgments and decisions? and (2) How do we design decision environments to be more effective for individuals, businesses, and society? In answering these questions, her research focuses on the themes of affect (feelings and moods), psychological proximity (in time, interpersonal closeness, and physical space), and the self (self-construal and self-regulation). Dr. Chang’s work has appeared in Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Consumer Research, and Psychological Science. In addition, her research won the 2009 La Londe Conference Best Paper Award. Another article (JCR, April 2015) has been selected by Marketing Science Institute’s Academic Trustees as a “must-read” for marketing practitioners. At SMU, she has been awarded the Lee Foundation Fellowship for research in 2011-12 for research excellence and the Lee Kong Chian Fellowship for research excellence in 2018-19. Recently, Dr. Chang is a recipient of two external grants: National Research Foundation (NRF) grant (BSEWWT program) and Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE) Academic Research Fund (AcRF) Tier 2 grant. At SMU, Dr. Chang teaches several courses—Marketing, Consumer Behavior, Marketing Research, Behavioral Decision Research for Marketing Practice, Pro-Seminar, and Measurement, Questionnaire Design, & Data Analysis—at the undergraduate (BBA) and the postgraduate levels (MiM, PhD, and DBA). She has been on the Dean's Teaching Honor List for 2008-09, 2009-10, 2010-2011, 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-16, 2017-18. Currently, Dr. Chang is on the Executive Committee at the European Marketing Academy (EMAC) as the National Representative for Singapore. She is a member on the Editorial Review Board of Journal of Consumer Psychology, Journal of Business Research, and Frontiers in Psychology. She is also ad hoc reviewer for over 15 academic journals. Dr. Chang makes regular appearances in media interviews as an expert in consumer behaviour.

Xin CHEN
Assistant Professor of Marketing
Ph.D. (Business Administration), University of California Berkeley
Xin Chen is an Assistant Professor of Marketing at Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University (SMU). She received her B.A. in Mathematics from Carleton College (Magna Cum Laude), her M.S. and Ph.D. in Business Administration from the University of California Berkeley, Haas School of Business. Xin’s research interest is in data-driven digital marketing. She studies how social interactions affect consumer behavior and firm strategies. She devises and implements field experiments in collaboration with an emerging unicorn in the online grocery sector in China. For example, in her dissertation, she devised a two-level experiment and developed a model to measure the effectiveness of social promotions compared with traditional promotions. She applies cutting-edge machine-learning based techniques, such as generalized random forests, to analyze customer heterogeneity. She uses both causal inference and machine learning approaches in her research. Prior to joining Singapore Management University, Xin has also worked at eBay and Walmart e-commerce.

Chris DU PLESSIS
Assistant Professor of Marketing
Ph.D (Marketing), Erasmus University
Dr. Chris du Plessis is an Assistant Professor of Marketing at Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University (SMU). Prior to joining SMU in July 2017, she received a Ph.D in Marketing from Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University. Her main research interests concern social influence and how it shapes (and is shaped by) consumers and marketers in the context of digital marketing. She has published her work in journals such as the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology and has won numerous awards including the prestigious Best Dissertation Proposal Award from the Society for Consumer Psychology and the Best Student Paper Award from the International Association for Conflict Management.

HAN Jin-Kyung
Professor of Marketing
Ph.D. (Marketing), Columbia University
Jin K. Han is the Professor of Marketing and Marketing Area Coordinator at the Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University. He received A.B. in Applied Mathematics/Economics from Brown University and obtained M.Phil. and Ph.D. in Marketing from Columbia University. His expertise is in the areas of strategic brand management, marketing strategy and innovation - topics on which he has published articles in top scholarly marketing and management journals as Journal of Marketing, Management Science, Journal of Consumer Research, among others. Leveraging his expertise in branding and marketing strategy, he has consulted/taught executive seminars for companies across diverse industries: Louis Vuitton/Moet Hennessy Group (luxury goods), Jardine Fleming (banking), Samsung Electronics (semiconductors, consumer electronics), Samsung Fire & Marine (insurance), Johnson & Johnson (hospital division), Amore Pacific (cosmetics), Cheil-Jedang (fast-moving consumer goods). Prior to joining SMU, he has held positions at the Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, KDI School of Public Policy & Management (Seoul), and the International Security Council (Washington, DC).

Minju HAN
Assistant Professor of Marketing
Ph.D (Marketing), Yale University
Minju Han is an Assistant Professor of Marketing at the Lee Kong Chian School of Business. Her research focuses on conceptual consumption, concentrating on why consumers sometimes prioritize intangible benefits over tangible ones. Additionally, she explores the areas of consumer well-being and consumer experience with technology and new media. She holds a Ph.D. and M.Phil. in Marketing from Yale University, and a B.A. in Psychology from Brown University.

Minkwang JANG
Assistant Professor of Marketing
Ph.D. in Marketing, Booth School of Business at the University of Chicago
Minkwang Jang is an Assistant Professor of Marketing at the Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University (SMU). Jang specializes in research on consumers' judgments and decisions. One of his key research areas focuses on how consumers make decisions involving the trade-off between costs and benefits over time. In a research article published in the Journal of Consumer Research, Jang explores how consumers' mental categorization of time into subjective financial periods leads to unique patterns of intertemporal choice that traditional models cannot explain. Additionally, Jang investigates how categorization impacts other types of consumer judgments, such as assessing the strength of preferences for various products. His research has been featured at major conferences, including those organized by the Association for Consumer Research, the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, and the Society for Consumer Psychology. Jang holds a B.S. in Economics from the Wharton School and a B.A. in Psychology from the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania. He earned his Ph.D. in Marketing from the Booth School of Business at the University of Chicago, where he also obtained a certificate in Advanced Quantitative Methods.

Hulya KARAMAN
Assistant Professor of Marketing
Ph.D. in Business Administration (Marketing), Emory University
Hulya Karaman is an Assistant Professor of Marketing at the Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University. Her primary research interests lie in investigating online word of mouth (WOM), customer engagement, and e-commerce. Broadly speaking, her work focuses on (1) identifying the extent to which social influence impacts online WOM, (2) investigating the relationship between online WOM and financial performance of products and services, (3) examining the impact of management response to online WOM, and (4) exploring the drivers of online WOM. In short, her research provides managerial insights into how online reviews evolve over time, how they impact customer decision making, and how managers should respond to them. Karaman received her B.S. in Mathematical Engineering from Istanbul Technical University, M.S. in Management from University of Florida, and M.S. in Business Administration from Washington University in St. Louis. Karaman received her Ph.D. in Business from the Goizueta Business School at Emory University.

Junghan KIM
Assistant Professor of Marketing
Ph.D. (Marketing), State University of New York at Buffalo
Junghan Kim joined Lee Kong Chian School of Business at Singapore Management University in 2017 after completing his Ph.D. in Marketing from the State University of New York at Buffalo. During his doctoral studies, he received the Paul E. Green Award in Marketing as well as the Dean’s Award for Research Excellence in 2016. He was also named an AMA-Sheth Doctoral Consortium Fellow in 2015. Junghan’s research focuses on visual perception and inference-making, with his work published in leading journals such as the Journal of Marketing and the Journal of Marketing Research. His research interests also include product design, usage, and valuation.

Nirmalya KUMAR
Professor of Marketing
Ph.D. (Marketing), Northwestern University
Dr. Nirmalya Kumar is Lee Kong Chian Professor of Marketing at Singapore Management University and Distinguished Fellow at INSEAD Emerging Markets Institute.Prior to this, heading strategy as Member- Group Executive Council at Tata Sons, he reported to Cyrus Mistry, the Chairman for the $100 billion Tata group with 675,000 employees worldwide.Professor Kumar previously taught at Columbia University, Harvard Business School, IMD (Switzerland), London Business School, and Northwestern University (Kellogg School of Management). As a consultant and speaker, Nirmalya has worked with over 50 Fortune 500 companies in 60 different countries. He has served on many boards of directors including ACC, Ambuja Cement, Bata India, Tata Chemicals, Ultratech, and Zensar, each with billion dollars plus in capitalization. As an author, Nirmalya has written nine books, including Marketing as Strategy, Brand Breakout, and Thinking Smart. His publications in leading academic journals as well as ten appearances in Harvard Business Review have attracted over 24,000 Google Scholar citations. The American Marketing Association recognized him for his lifetime contributions to marketing strategy research with the Mahajan Prize. A prolific case writer; he has won six Case Centre adoption awards and the Outstanding Contribution to the Case Method. Nirmalya is considered one of the world’s leading thinkers on strategy and marketing. He was thrice included in Thinkers50 (the biannual listing of the top 50 management thinkers in the world), received their “Global Village Award” for his contributions to the business community's understanding of globalization and emerging markets, and was inducted into their Hall of Fame in 2017. He has also appeared on the 50 Best B- School professors in the world (Poets & Quants) and 50 most influential Business School professors (mbarankings.com). Passionate about art, Nirmalya supports various museum exhibitions and publications through his art collection and served on the South Asian Acquisition Committee of Tate Modern. In recognition of his patronage and promotion of South Asian Art, he was awarded an Honorary Fellowship by the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London.

Michelle LEE
Associate Professor of Marketing (Education)
Ph.D. (Marketing), University of Toronto Rotman School of Management
Michelle Lee is Associate Professor of Marketing (Education). She currently serves as the Associate Provost (Undergraduate Education) at SMU and was previously the Associate Dean (Undergraduate Programmes) at the Lee Kong Chian School of Business (LKCSB) from 2017 to 2021. Prior to that, she was the Academic Director for Accreditation from 2010 to 2017, helping LKCSB achieve AACSB and EQUIS accreditations. Michelle holds a Ph.D. from the Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto. Her research interest is in understanding how memory can have unintended or unconscious effects on consumer behaviour and how priming concepts or processing modes can have surprising effects on product evaluation and choice. Another area of research interest for her is in understanding different models of management education, and the opportunities and challenges faced by schools of business/management. She has published in journals such as the Journal of Consumer Research, the Journal of Marketing Research, the Journal of Consumer Psychology, as well books on management education.

Linyi LI
Assistant Professor of Marketing
Ph.D. (Marketing), the University of Utah
Linyi Li is an assistant professor of marketing at Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University. Prior to joining SMU in January 2021, he received his Ph.D. in Business Administration (Marketing) from David Eccles School of Business, the University of Utah. Linyi conducts empirical marketing research using quantitative methods. His research interests lie mainly in digital/online marketing: social media, online word of mouth, (online video) advertising, sharing economy, user-generated content, etc. He also holds an M.S. in Business and Management: Information Systems from R.H.Smith School of Business, the University of Maryland, and a B.S. in Economics (Finance) from School of Finance, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics. Linyi was a fellow at the 2018 AMA-Sheth Foundation Doctoral Consortium. He received the Doctoral Student Teaching Excellence Award from David Eccles School of Business, the University of Utah in 2018. He was also a fellow in the 2017 Quantitative Marketing and Structural Econometrics Workshop, 2017 & 2016 INFORMS Marketing Science Doctoral Consortium.

Shilpa MADAN
Assistant Professor of Marketing
Ph.D. (Marketing), Nanyang Technological University
Shilpa Madan is an Assistant Professor of Marketing at the Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University. Prior to this, she was a faculty member at Virginia Tech, USA, and a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the Columbia Business School, New York. Shilpa aspires to use consumer behavior research to help people live better, more fulfilling, and more sustainable lives. Shilpa’s work has implications for public policy, sustainable living, and consumer well-being. Her research has been published in or is forthcoming in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Journal of International Business Studies, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Psychological Science, Journal of Consumer Psychology, and Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, among others. Shilpa enjoys writing for a wide audience and her articles have appeared in various practitioner oriented and popular press outlets such as the Harvard Business Review, Stanford Social Innovation Review, WARC, Behavioral Scientist, Mint (A Wall Street Publication), and others. Before her PhD, she has a decade of corporate experience in consumer products organizations (Unilever and Castrol/BP), in which she held both national-level and global-level marketing roles across multiple developing and developed markets.

Patricia LUI
Senior Lecturer of Marketing
Ph.D. (Marketing), University of Western Australia
Patricia Lui is a senior lecturer of marketing at Lee Kong Chian School of Business (LKCSB), Singapore Management University (SMU). Patricia teaches services marketing, digital marketing and consumer behaviour in undergraduate and postgraduate programmes. She has been on the Dean’s Teaching Honour List since 2015. Patricia has published business cases for teaching and corporate training. She won the Outstanding Case Writer Competition at The Case Centre Awards and Competitions in 2021. Patricia is also the SMU-X Champion and Mentor, providing real-business solutions and implementations to SMEs through SMU-X consultancy projects. She was the finalist of the SMU Excellent SMU-X Teacher Award in 2020 and 2021. Before joining SMU as a full-time faculty, Patricia was the Discipline Chair for Marketing at SIM Global Education. She was also invited by Peking University and Jinan University in China to conduct courses at their Graduate schools. Patricia practised marketing in advertising, media, research and consulting for over 20 years. Patricia was the founder of two companies specializing in media advertising, talent training and consultancy. Over the years, Patricia has advised and consulted companies in marketing. In addition, she regularly conducts corporate training programmes and public seminars for senior management and marketing professionals. Her participants include many from Australia, Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong, Finland, India, Indonesia, Japan, Macau, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nigeria, Singapore, Taiwan, the UK, and Vietnam.

MAH Suyun
Assistant Professor of Marketing
Ph.D. (Marketing), Indiana University
Suyun Mah is an Assistant Professor of Marketing at Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University. She received her B.A. in Applied Statistics and B.A. in Economics at Yonsei University, M.A. in Economics at the University of Pittsburgh, and Ph.D. in Business at Kelley School of Business, Indiana University Bloomington. Suyun’s main research interests lie in marketing–finance interface, initial public offering (IPO), corporate social irresponsibility (CSI), and innovation, and she conducts empirical marketing research using quantitative methods. Her work has been published in Harvard Business Review. She was also a 2020 AMA-Sheth Doctoral Consortium Fellow.

Ernst C. OSINGA
Associate Professor of Marketing
Ph.D (Marketing), University of Groningen
Ernst C. Osinga is an Associate Professor of Marketing at the Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University. Prior to joining SMU, Ernst held an Assistant Professor position at Tilburg University. He obtained his PhD, cum laude, from the University of Groningen. His research interests include online advertising and retailing, pharmaceutical marketing, and the marketing-finance interface. His work has been published in the Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, Academy of Management Journal, and International Journal of Research in Marketing. Ernst is a recipient of the 2017 Dean’s Impact Award, Dutch Marketing Science Award, and a runner-up for the EMAC McKinsey Award. He received several research grants. Ernst served as an expert witness for the Court of Amsterdam and provided guidance to large players in the pharmaceutical, retail, and advertising industry. Ernst taught courses on marketing models, customer intelligence, and marketing research. He obtained various teaching honors.

Seshan RAMASWAMI
Associate Professor of Marketing (Education)
Ph.D. (Marketing), University of Florida
S. Ramaswami's research interests center around consumer and managerial judgment and decision making, in particular, the effects of various contextual factors such as characteristics of competing brands, preference elicitation methods, product line context, delayed outcomes, framing, and assortment characteristics. A secondary research interest is in understanding the marketing issues in the emerging economies. His research in these areas have been published in the Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Retailing and Journal of Macromarketing. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Florida, a PGDM from the Indian Institute of Management at Ahmedabad and a undergraduate degree in Mathematics from the University of Mumbai.

Srinivas K.REDDY
Professor Emeritus of Marketing
Ph.D. (Business), Columbia University
Dr. Srinivas K. Reddy is Professor Emeritus of Marketing. He was previously the Director, Center for Marketing Excellence, Academic Director, LVMH-SMU Luxury Brand Initiative, Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University. He served as the Associate Dean of General Management overseeing the MBA and the Executive MBA programs. Previously, he was the Robert O. Arnold Professor of Business and the Director of the Coca-Cola Center for Marketing Studies, Terry College of Business at the University of Georgia. He holds M.Phil and Ph.D. degrees in Business Administration from Columbia University. Dr. Reddy was on the faculties of New York University’s Stern School of Business, Columbia University, University of California, Los Angeles and the Stanford Business School. Dr. Reddy's expertise is in innovation, new product development, marketing and competitive strategy involving new brands and services. His research has been published in Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, Management Science, Statistical Science, Social Networks, Neuroimage, Marketing Letters, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Decision Support Systems and Journal of Business Research. His paper "The Impact of Brand Extension Introduction on Choice," with Vanitha Swaminathan and Richard J. Fox in Journal of Marketing, was the winner of the 2002 Lehmann Award for the Best Dissertation-Based Article. In 2006, he was awarded IBM’s prestigious SUR grant to study corporate innovativeness and innovation conversion. He has consulted and taught executive programs for IBM, Coca-Cola Company, Miller Brewing, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Bristol-Myers- Squibb, Satyam Computer Services, Chase, Turner Broadcasting, Cox Interactive Media, United Parcel Service, Equitable, Ford Foundation, PWC, MasterCard, Unilever. He was nominated as the MBA Teacher of the Year in 1999, 2000, 2002 and 2005. Dr. Reddy was the recipient of MBA Excellence in Teaching Award in 2014 and one of 3 at SMU to be nominated for Teaching Excellence in Executive Development in 2014 and 2015. His award winning cases on Gillette in India and Oreo in China have been featured in Financial Times. Dr. Reddy along with Professor Krishna Palepu of Harvard Business School was the advisor to the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, India on the state’s Vision 2020 program for economic development. He was the founding director of Quantum National Bank, Atlanta in 1995. He was also the co-founder of enLeague, a start-up company involved in developing technological solutions for enterprise peer-to-peer networks. He was on the advisory board of Navigauge, a radio audience dynamics/telematics company, and Panacea, an electronic medical practice company. He was a Director of MRII (Marketing Research Institute International 2001-2007) and is currently an Advisory Board member of GfK MIR, Germany.

TAN Chin Tiong
Professor Emeritus of Marketing
Ph.D. (Business), The Pennsylvania State University
Professor Tan Chin Tiong is Senior Advisor to President at the Singapore Management University. He was the founding Provost and Deputy President of Singapore Management University from 1999 to 2009. He was also the founding President of Singapore Institute of Technology from 2009 to 2013. He received his Ph.D. in Business from the Pennsylvania State University. Prof Tan published his research in many international journals including the Journal of Consumer Research, International Journal of Bank Marketing, Marketing and Psychology, International Journal of Marketing, Journal of International Business Studies, Research in Marketing, International Marketing Review, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, European Journal of Marketing and others. He sat on the editorial boards of several international journals. Dr Tan has chaired and organised several international conferences for international professional associations such as the American Marketing Association, Association for Consumer Research and Academy of International Business. His authorship encompasses works on Asian-focused marketing principles and strategies, which he co-wrote with Philip Kotler (Principles of Marketing: An Asian Perspective, 2017, Pearson; Marketing Management: An Asian Perspective, 2012, Prentice Hall; and Principles of Marketing: A Global Perspective, 2009 Prentice Hall) and John Quelch (Strategic Marketing Cases for 21st Century Asia, 2000, Prentice Hall). He also co-authored New Asian Emperors: The Business Strategies of the Overseas Chinese, 2009, John Wiley; The Chinese Tao of Business: The Logic of Successful Business Strategy, 2004, John Wiley; New Asian Emperors: The Overseas Chinese, Their Strategies and Competitive Advantages, 1998, Butterworth-Heinemann; and Marketing Insights for the Asia Pacific, 1996, Heinemann Asia. Prof Tan was the non-executive chairman and independent director of several listed companies. He is currently on the board of two publicly listed companies.

Kapil R. TULI
Professor of Marketing
Ph.D. (Marketing), Emory University
Dr. Kapil R. Tuli is the Lee Kong Chian Professor of Marketing and Director of the Retail Centre of Excellence at the Lee Kong Chian School of Business (LKCSB), Singapore Management University. He joined LKCSB in 2006 after completing his PhD in Marketing from the Goizeuta Business School, Emory University. Dr. Tuli’s interests focus on understanding the financial impact of Marketing Strategy, both from the perspective of senior managers and investors. Over the years, Dr. Tuli has published several papers in leading marketing journals, Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, and Management Science. In 2017, Dr. Tuli received the 2017 Sheth Foundation/Journal of Marketing Award for his paper “Rethinking Customer Solutions: From Product Bundles to Relational Processes” that was published in the 2007 edition of the Journal of Marketing. As noted by the American Marketing Association, “The award is given to honor an article that has made a long-term contribution to the discipline of marketing. The award recognizes scholarship based on the benefits of time and hindsight and acknowledges contributions and outcomes made to marketing theory and practice.” In 2016, Dr. Tuli became the first Marketing Faculty from an Asian Business School to receive the prestigious Rajan Varadarajan Award for Early Career Contributions to Marketing Strategy Research, from the American Marketing Association. Dr. Tuli currently serves on the Editorial Board of the premier scientific journals in marketing, i.e., Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, International Journal of Research in Marketing, and the Journal of Services Research. Currently, Dr Tuli teaches Crafting and Delivering Services to MBA students and Managing Service Innovations to the Masters in Innovation Students. In addition, Dr. Tuli also teaches Marketing Strategy to the PhD Students. Over the years, Dr. Tuli has been in the Dean's Teaching Honour List for 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. In 2015, a case study written by him (Jungle Beer: An Entrepreneur's Journey) was awarded the Best Case Study Award in Entrepreneurship by the EFMD. Most recently, Dr. Tuli was a nominee for the best Executive Education teacher at SMU for 2016-17. Over the years, Dr. Tuli has been involved in consulting and executive education with firms such as Johnson & Johnson, United Overseas Bank, Sembcorp Marine, Singapore Power, Civil Service College at Singapore, Zuellig Pharmaceuticals, Health Promotion Board, and Prysmian Inc.

YU, Qi
Assistant Professor of Marketing
Ph.D. (Marketing), University of Pennsylvania
Qi Yu is an Assistant Professor of Marketing at Singapore Management University. Her research interest lies in quantitative marketing with an emphasis on customer loyalty and online retailing. Her most recent works study how subscription programs may reshape customers’ purchase behavior and how customers’ one-stop shopping preferences will affect retailers’ pricing and category management strategy. Her research works have appeared in the Journal of Marketing Research. Prior to joining SMU, Qi Yu obtained her Ph.D. in Marketing from the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, and her B.A. and M.A. in Economics from Tsinghua University.

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